World War II Essay Example for Free

World War II Essay II (WWII), 120,000 Japanese Americans, US residents or not, were constrained out of the west coast after the assault of Pearl Harbor. President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave Executive Order 9066 which permitted neighborhood military authorities to set up rejection zones from which any or all people might be prohibited. Americans of Japanese plunge were coercively interned in various camps in the US. The military felt this was an essential activity to forestall any surveillance and expert Japanese activities in the west coast. Notwithstanding the mass departure, various Japanese Americans served in the military powers. Actually, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team (RCT) is the most exceptionally finished unit in US military history. Asian segregation The victimization the Asians in the United States began even route before the imprisonment of Japanese Americans in WWII. In the late 1900s, laws were passed that expressly precluded Japanese to become residents of the US. They couldn't have a place that is known for their own and were not permitted to wed outside their race. They could just purchase homes in specific regions and were denied to work in specific ventures. The Immigration Act of 1924 expressed that outsiders who were ineligible for citizenship would not be permitted to move to the United States. At the point when Japan had been setting up its provincial guideline in the twentieth century, updates on mercilessness of Japan came into the US. Specifically, Japans colonization of China was broadly censured by the US government. Thus, restrictions on oil and supplies were set on Japan. The Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 further reinforced the counter Japanese assessment of the Americans particularly when observer reports of viciousness arrived at the nation. The counter Japanese supposition arrived at its pinnacle when the shocking assault on Pearl Harbor unfolded on December 7, 1941. This affected the United States to take up arms against the Japanese Empire. This outrage was further fuelled by how Japanese rewarded American and other western detainees of war, the Bataan Death March, and the Kamikaze assaults on American boats. Internment Executive Order 9066 Starting 1939, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) had been accumulating data on conspicuous individuals from the Japanese people group. These information in the Custodial Detention Index (CDI) were utilized to group the people as indicated by their conceivable threat to the nation. A couple of hours after the Pearl Harbor assault, the Attorney General, given a presidential cover authority, declared that the FBI, utilizing the data in the CDI, would keep perilous foe outsiders who may place the security of the country in danger. Some accepted that Japan would dispatch an assault on the west coast. Numerous authorities questioned the devotion of the Japanese living around there, their decisions for the most part dependent on racial predisposition. They likewise dreaded a potential altering of water framework or fire related crime. The doubt to the ethnic Japanese was progressively fortified by the way that a considerable lot of them were taught in Japan, where schools underlined veneration for the Emperor. This planted doubt of surveillance by the Japanese Americans. On December 30, the Attorney General approved assaults even without search and warrant captures to all places of Japanese genealogy gave that there is in any event one Japanese outsider. General John L. DeWitt, boss of the Western Defense Command, pushed the expulsion of adversary outsiders from zones in the west coast. He demanded that there indicated harm by the Japanese Americans. Albeit different organizations, for example, the FBI, found no proof of such a case, their reports were stifled by high authorities. DeWitts proposal handily advanced toward the War Department who promptly endorsed it. At the point when President Franklin Roosevelt was introduced the request, he promptly marked the request without speaking with the Cabinet. His help of the internment was an extraordinary demonstration of help to the Americans that would be remunerating in the coming political decision. Prohibition, expulsion, and detainment On February 19, 1942, Executive Order 9066 approved the Army to assign military regions from which any individual might be barred. In spite of the fact that there was no unequivocal order to clear the Japanese Americans, the request was completed distinctly to individuals of Japanese family line. The Italians Americans and German Americans, whose nations of starting point were additionally at war with the partners of the United States, didn't encounter a similar destiny as the Japanese Americans. On March 11, the Office of the Alien Property Custodian was given optional authority over outsider property interests. A large number of the benefits were solidified, causing budgetary trouble for the individuals influenced and impeding them from moving out of the avoidance zones. On March 24, Public Proclamation No. 3 authorized a time limit from 8:00 pm to 6:00 am for all adversary outsiders and individuals of Japanese family line inside the military territories. A couple of days after the fact, another decree denied them from leaving Military Area No. 1, which is the whole Pacific coast to around 100 miles inland, until a request permits them to leave. On May 3, Japanese Americans were requested to live in the get together focuses until moved to migration focuses. The unwarranted mass expulsion of the Japanese Americans occurred around 8 months. Japanese Americans lost a large portion of their properties since they were permitted to bring just what they could convey, for example, attire and belongings. Numbered labels were given to them as a methods for their distinguishing proof and their possessions. Occupants of twelve Latin American nations with Japanese lineage were additionally interned to US internment camps. After WWII, the vast majority of the Japanese Latin Americans were not permitted to come back to their nations and rather were expelled to Japan, where they endured hardships as Japan was seriously harmed by the war. Of in excess of a hundred thousand Japanese Americans exposed to the mass expulsion program of the administration, 66% of them were US residents by birth. Cultivating as a reason for hostile to Japanese notions Much of the preference against the Japanese Americans was increased because of the skill of the Japanese in the horticulture business. Being quick individuals, they in the long run had their own homesteads and different organizations. Various flourishing organizations possessed by Japanese Americans were solid rivals in the rural business. The Japanese Americans had created advanced methods for water system that permitted the development of organic products, vegetables, and blossoms on lands that couldn't be utilized for cultivating already. The original Japanese Americans, the Issei, in fact succeeded in the twentieth century, however their destiny turned when they lost their homestead during the internment. This, be that as it may, satisfied the white ranchers as they could assume control over Japanese homesteads. Since the Japanese Americans were expelled from their homesteads, workers were expected to assume control over the terrains of the Japanese. Settlements from the Mexican outskirt began coming to Mexico. Notwithstanding, a great many Nisei, offspring of original Japanese that were US-conceived, were as yet expected to spare the cultivating business so a huge number of them were discharged from camps. In any case, for the Japanese Americans who stayed in camp, they strived to water and develop fruitless grounds in territories close to the internment camps. On account of their difficult work, they had the option to fabricate ranch handles that are as yet beneficial until the present.

Coriolis Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coriolis Effect - Essay Example The principal impact of the Coriolis impact is identified with the sea. It can impact the sea through the communication with different factors, for example, temperature and the physical attributes of the sea bowl. Another significant impact is identified with the surface flows with expansive circulatory examples alluded to as gyres. Fundamentally, the Coriolis impact causes the clockwise development of the gyres in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise development in the Southern Hemisphere. Surface flows however don't cross the equator yet waters in the central locale are influenced by the tropical easterlies or exchange twists hence creating the Equatorial Current. The Coriolis impact at that point makes the development of warm water the post while the cool water flows stream to the tropical district (Gabler and others 2008, p.133). The impact of Coriolis impact is likewise obvious in the air marvels, for example, the breeze flows and other air flows and developments, for ex ample, tornados. Coriolis impact corresponding to the breeze flows can be identified with various factors, for example, the power, the rubbing and weight inclination. One model is the geostrophic wind which goes corresponding to isobars and is influenced by the erosion and weight slope and turns 90 degrees due to Coriolis impact.

5 Common Encryption Algorithms and the Unbreakables of the Future

5 Common Encryption Algorithms and the Unbreakables of the Future For the past twenty years, the Internet went from an invention to a recognized human right.That fact in and out of itself should speak about the exponential increase of its role in our lives. From being a luxurious technology, through window-to-other-worlds, to an information medium, and finally into a need-to-exist.We constantly find new ways to incorporate technology in every aspect of business, government, and human relationships. It bridges continents, brings people together, helps the environment, popularizes ideas that change the world.Users log on to read the news, learn skills, work, shop, vote, communicate and have fun.The internet houses large amounts of information and traffics a significant portion of it every day. The question of access is becoming crucial.When you live your life online, you need to protect your communication with the network.You probably largely leave your protection up to the creators of your operation system, your app, the default security protocols a nd devices you are using.Here is some news though: not every encryption method is equally reliable. Read the article to learn more about the most popular encryption methods and their relative security.THE IMPORTANCE OF ENCRYPTIONWith using more and more technologies in our lives we are generating large amounts of data, a great share of which is sensitive data. If someone else gets hold of that data you may be at risk of financial fraud or identity theft.Let us draw a parallel with real life.Let us say you are going shopping. You visit the store whenever you want, some of the staff may or may not know your name if you are a regular. You choose your products and proceed to the checkout. No one from the store can get a hold of your money until you draw out your wallet and you hand the cashier your cash. In this situation you are relatively safe.Only if you have a thief in your close vicinity, they may get a hold of your wallet. Stealing your wallet will give them access to your cash wh ich they can use with little consequence.In the digital world, you may visit the online store whenever you want, but if you have shopped there before they probably have your personal information already â€" name, address, and quite possibly your phone number. They have it regardless of whether you are logged in or you are not.If you have saved your credit card with that shop they have your financial information at all times, too (whereas when you shop in a brick and mortar store your wallet will only be at risk while you are there, shopping).Instead of your money being at risk only from people in your immediate vicinity, you are now at risk from any hacker, who has access to the network, and at all times.Encryption changes your information so that it is incomprehensible and therefore unusable to anyone who does not have the key.Let’s say someone tries to steal your personal information, your name, if it was encrypted. It would be the equivalent of going into the store and asking f or your name, but anyone who can give them your name speaks another, unknown language.If they get a hold of your digital wallet it would be the equivalent of acquiring your cash, but your banknotes are in a currency they cannot use unless they go to the exchange bureau that you own, to convert it.HOW ENCRYPTION WORKSEncryption works by manipulating a message via a rule to the point the original message is unrecognizable. The ‘rule’ is the key.Here is a very simple example of encryption:Let’s say you want to encrypt the message ‘Hello’. One rule you can use is substitute each letter with the next letter from the alphabet. Your message will then become ‘Ifmmp’. Because you are adding +1 to the alphabetical sequence, your keyword will be ‘1’. If you were substituting each letter with the letter standing 3 spaces behind it, your message would end up looking like ‘Ebiil’ and your key would be ‘-3’. If you consecutively applied both rules, your key would look lik e this ‘1-3’And while to you that change would be major and you cannot probably decipher that message immediately, when someone has an incentive to break your cypher, and they know anything about cryptography, they can get to your message in a few seconds, just by using pen and paper.What is more, there is software that will try the most popular keys (starting with 1-digit codes) to decipher your message.The point is, the more sensitive the information is, the more complex encryption is required. Especially if revealing the information bears financial risk.5 TOP ENCRYPTION ALGORITHMS(Triple) DESTriple DES or 3DES is the successor to the DES algorithm, or the Data Encryption Standard.DES is an obsolete symmetric-key method of data encryption. It was phased out because of its over-exploited vulnerabilities.Originally, DES used to be a very popular encryption method. It is a creation of the engineers in IBM, from back in 1970. In 1977 it was adopted by the government of the USA as an encryption standard â€" the Federal Information Encryption Standard. DES was used for protecting unclassified but sensitive data.It was the first algorithm approved by the federal government for public disclosure. It gained popularity fast among businesses dealing with confidential information â€" financial institutions, telecommunication companies, other software and Internet providers, etc.DES encrypts data by grouping it into blocks and encoding them simultaneously by applying the key to the entire block â€" instead of bit by bit. The blocks are always 64-bit.The key could be applied to all blocks simultaneously or another model could be used where the encryption of one block is made dependent on the result of the previous one.In DES, the same key is used to encipher and decipher the message. Decoding is nothing more than applying the same steps in reverse direction and reverse order.What is more, the key options are limited. The keys are always 64-bit, however, 8 parts of the key will be limited in variation in order to be used for key validation, which makes it an equivalent of a 56-bit key. Which means, the choice of encryptions keys is limited and therefore all information, encrypted via DES is prone to brute force attacks.Because of this serious flaw, scientists had concerns about DES being adopted as the standard even in the 1970’s. However, it remained a very popular encryption method until the late 1990’s.The progress in technology, and more specifically in processing power made it possible for a DES-encrypted message to be brute force hacked in less than 24 hours.It is important to state that some systems still rely on DES encryption only, and using those systems is to be avoided.3DES is one of the successors of DES, and the one which to the greatest extent preserves its original functionality. It was first made public in 1998 and is a simple variation of DES, where each block is encrypted via DES three times each. Triple DES uses three inde pendent keys, with three separate 56-bit DES keys, or a total of 168 bits. Because of the consecutive encryption, there is a meet-in-the-middle vulnerability, which decreases the protection to the equivalent to a 112-bit key.With its more complex way of working, the 3DES encryption method is slower.Still, the effectiveness of 3DES is considered to give enough security that it is approved to be used up until 2030.Triple DES is used for online payments, by apps in the Microsoft Office package, as well as by Mozilla’s Firefox and Thunderbird.RSAThe algorithm is named after its designers. In the 1970’s Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman came up with the encryption method while working for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.In contrast to DES, RSA is asymmetric, which means the system is not using the same key for decryption and encryption. The algorithm works via generating a public and a private key. The public and private key are not identica l, but are linked to each other.There is no difference which key is used for encryption and which is used for decryption. Both the private and the public key can be used to encode the message and the opposite key will have to be applied to decode it.In fact, the difference is elsewhere: the public key, as its name suggests, can be introduced to the public, while the private key is the ‘secret‘.The high level of security RSA provides is ensured by the difficulty of factoring long strings, the product of factoring two large prime numbers.Both the private and the public keys are generated via multiplying two large numbers, creating a modulus. The modulus is used by both the public and the private key. The public key is created via the modulus, adding a public exponent, usually 65537. And the private key is created by the modulus, and a private exponent.The computational difficulty of large integers makes RSA significantly safer than DES. As explained earlier, DES works with keys, e quivalent to 56-bit, 3DES works with keys, equivalent to 112-bit, and RSA works with keys that are 1024- or 2048-bits long. Still, experts think 1024-bit keys are relatively vulnerable. The government and the IT industry recommend using 2048-bit keys only.RSA is used for SSH authentication, for SSL encryption, and for protecting sensitive data in various browsers.BlowfishBlowfish is considered an alternative to the DES and RSA encryption methods. It was designed back in 1993 by Bruce Schneier as a general-purpose algorithm, with that exact intend. The security of the cipher has been tested and proven in time.Like DES, the technology of Blowfish is symmetric, which means one private key (or just key) is used to encrypt an entire block of data. The size of the blocks is 64-bit, and he length of the key may vary from a 32-bits to a 448-bit key. A full encryption has never been broken.With the ability to use shorter keys, the Blowfish method is an alternative that is considerably faster than its two competitors. The exception is changing keys. Each change of the key requires a pre-processing, taking resources equivalent to encrypting 4KB of text.Blowfish is not patented. Its flexibility, speed and security gives it a competitive edge against its alternatives. It is can be used and explored free of charge. Therefore it is highly popular in cryptographic software.TwofishTwofish is a successor of another favorite encryption method â€" Blowfish. It is a brain-child of the same designer, Bruce Schneier, and it is another candidate to replace the Data Encryption Standard.Twofish, like its predecessor Blowfish, uses block cyphering. It symmetric, which again means the same key is used for enciphering and deciphering.   Twofish divides the message that needs encryption into 128-bit blocks and applies the key simultaneously to all blocks. The size of the block is yet another difference with Blowfish.Unlike its predecessor, Twofish only uses keys for the encryption of data of up to 256-bit. Each block’s encryption put into a complex relation to the result of the encryption of the previous block.‘The algorithm might look haphazard, but we did everything for a reason’. â€" says Bruce Schneier, the co-founder ‘Nothing is in Twofish by chance. Anything in the algorithm that we couldnt justify, we removed. The result is a lean, mean algorithm that is strong and conceptually simple.’Encoding with Twofish is popular for software and devices that have relatively low processing resources at their disposal, such as SIM cards.Brute-forcing a Twofish encrypted message is considered to be unreasonable and impractical. Meaning the efforts, resources and time the hacker would have to allocate would not be worth the end result.Twofish is considered to be fast, flexible, and at the same time, to have a conservative design.Just like Blowfish, the encryption method has not been patented and is free to use.AESThe Advanced Encryption Standard was originally nam ed Rijndael. It was designed by the Belgian cryptographers Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen back in 1998 and it is named after them.In 1997, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) opened a contest for cryptographers to come up with algorithms to substitute the so-far popular standard (DES) because of the increasing concerns of the level of protection it guarantees, with the raising level of processing power and its vulnerability from brute-force attacks due to the limited choice of encryption keys.NIST elected Rijndael as the new standard. It was declassified and was deemed ‘capable of protecting sensitive government information well into the next century’.It became popular for its easy implementation in hardware, as well as restricted environments.AES is yet another symmetric encryption algorithm. NIST’s requirements for the contest contributed to several specifics of AES. For example:Each contestant was supposed to be able to accept keys sized at 128, 192, a nd 256 bits.The algorithm was supposed to be open for public analysis and commentsIt was pre-tested for withstanding attacks. Each competitor was scored against the competition, with the security score having the heaviest weight for winning the contest.High computational and memory efficiency â€" if the algorithm was to be released as the standard it was supposed to come at low cost.Flexibility, easy implementation and simplicity.Rijndael was elected the winner and was suggested in 2000 to become the new federal government standard. Since 2002 Rijndael, Advanced Encryption Standard, became the new standard.AES is considered to be more effective than its predecessors, DES and 3DES, using a more complex algorithm and a longer key. The decryption works faster, which makes it a better alternative for a cypher in routers, firewalls, security protocols and in general any applications that use encryption.AES is similar to Twofish in the sense it is symmetric and it works with 128-bit block s. Each cypher â€" the AES-128, -192, and -256 uses respectively 128-, 192-, and 256-bit keys. Originally Rijndael could work with different block sizes and key sizes, but this flexibility was not included when it was introduced as the standard.AES works with enciphering rounds. Each round is a sequence of a number of processing steps, which could be a combination of  substitution, transposition and creating relationships between the input plaintext and output.The number of applicable rounds vary with 10 rounds applied with 128-bit keys, 12 rounds for 192-bit keys and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys.The AES encryption cipher is using table-based substitution of data by rows and columns. The substitution rule is dictated by different part of the encryption key.Ever since its recognition as the new standard, the AES has been explored for its vulnerabilities. Brute-force attacks and new techniques have been employed to discover new ways to attack the algorithm. Some attacks have been succe ssful against the more simple versions of Rijndael â€" shorter keys, fewer rounds.AES is widely accepted to be a reliable and practical. IDEA is a newer version of a previously used cipher the Proposed Encryption Standard (PES).Watch this fun video to learn more about the evolution of cryptography from simple substitution to the future of encryption quantum cryptography: HONORABLE MENTIONSIDEAThe International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) was created by Xuejia Lai and James Massey and is another symmetric encryption algorithm, first described in 1991.It uses 64-bit blocks and 128-bit keys. Like AES, IDEA uses rounds of encryption. Unlike AES, IDEA also adopts a methodology called half-rounds. Each round uses 6 16-bit sub-keys. Each of the half-rounds uses 4 sub-keys. The first 8 sub-keys are directly extracted from the encryption key, while the other 8 are created based on rotation.Because of the essence of IDEA’s schedule, it naturally generates a certain amounts if zero-ri ch keys which lead to randomly weak encryption. Those are reasonably rare, which, in practice leave the algorithm pretty safe. The probability of generating a weak key is considered to be negligibly low.Bruce Schneier, the founder of Blowfish and Twofish agrees:‘In my opinion, it is the best and most secure block algorithm available to the public at this time.’Unlike most of our 5 winners, the IDEA algorithm has been patented and has only been available for free for non-commercial rules.SHA 1Secure Hash Algorithm 1 was created in 1995 but has never been implied as a standard because its vulnerabilities became well known as early as 10 years after its creation.The NIST, the same organization that applied AES as the standard, banned using SHA 1 by federal agencies back in 2010, and no digital signature agency can use the algorithm since 2016.As far back as 2012, researchers in cryptography have taken into account the raising level and decreasing price of processing power and estim ated that one practical attack against the algorithm could cost the hackers as little as $700 thousand simply using commercial cloud computing services in 2015 and $173 thousand in 2017 which makes the attack reasonably affordable. If the incentive holds a greater potential gain than, say, $200 thousand, one could argue it is worth the effort.As Computerworld reports,’ …despite these efforts to phase out the use of SHA-1 in some areas, the algorithm is still fairly widely used to validate credit card transactions, electronic documents, email PGP/GPG signatures, open-source software repositories, backups and software updates.’CONCLUSIONAccording to the Ponemon Institute and a study, including a survey, funded by IBM, stolen data has cost the companies an average of $3.5 million in 2014, which is a 15% increase from the previous 2013.The institute recommends implementing preventative measures and to be ready for incident response and crisis management.Most often, the source of t he damage would be an insider or a malicious attack. Malicious code and sustained probes are also becoming a popular concern because of the increased number of those threats.‘Companies estimate that they will be dealing with an average of 17 malicious codes each month and 12 sustained probes each month. Unauthorized access incidents have mainly stayed the same and companies estimate they will be dealing with an average of 10 such incidents each month.’When the respondents of the survey were asked about the amount of investment they are pouring into security, the response was it costs an average of $7 million a year, even though the companies would like to increase it to $14 million a year to experience more confidence in fulfilling their strategies and mechanisms.Complex encryption is a relatively easy way to bring down the cost and minimize the damages of data breaches.

Decision Making For A Successful Business - 1663 Words

Abstract Problem solving and decision-making are important skills for running a successful business. Management often utilizes problem-solving which often involves decision-making. These processes and techniques improve decision-making and the quality of decisions. Decision-making might come natural to some leaders, however, others should focus more on improving the quality of their decisions. Effective and successful decisions produce profitable businesses and unsuccessful businesses suffer losses. Corporate decision making process is the most critical process in any organization. Making decisions within the organization can easily leading to making the wrong decision. Simon (1977) decision making process includes four phases: intelligence, design, choice, and implementation. Decision-making process includes intelligence, design, choice, and implementation. The implementation phase includes alternatives decision makers consider goals to analysis issues. Decision-making process inc ludes intelligence, design, choice, and implementation. The problem is identified and an individual or group takes ownership in the intelligence phase. Criteria for selection are agreed upon while results are generated in the design phase. Searching for the best solution is available in the choice phase. The implementation phase includes alternatives decision makers consider goals to analysis issues. Decisions need to be made. Challenging decisions require additional consideration. AShow MoreRelatedDecision Making Is A Fundamental Component For Any Successful Business958 Words   |  4 PagesDecision-making is a fundamental component to any successful business. I chose the topic â€Å"Managerial Decision Making† because informed decisions are critical in order for managers to drive a profitable and sustainable business. Many business analysts measure an organization’s performance on their level of attained profit. 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This paper discusses how John Fallon, CEO of Pearson, is leading Pearson through this change; the factors that impact politics in the organization today, how successful leaders are

The Death Penalty Is Justified - 932 Words

Imagine receiving an unexpected call from the police, saying a loved one has been murdered. Every sixty seconds, someone’s life is taken from them by horrendous crime. Families and relatives are devastated. They are forced to sit through hours of police investigation and multiple court cases. Some families are allowed closure by convicting the alleged victim. Other families are not so lucky. Some are forced to forever wonder who the victim’s killer is and why they took that person from them. These and many other questions go unanswered, but they do not have too. The punishment for a convicted murderer is most likely life in prison without the possibility of parole, but in other states, the death penalty is enforced. While this might seem unethical to some, one must take into consideration the long term effects the victim’s family will endure. Losing a loved one by homicide can create traumatic effects. While some individuals are able to at accepting death better than others, the tragic and emotional strain of losing a loved one can lead to other harmful effects. Many times coping with the death of someone close can lead to alcohol addictions, severe depression, post-traumatic stress, anxiety disorders, and can also lead to suicide. In some cases of homicide, the murdered victims not only leave behind family and friends, but children as well. To these children, they have not just lost a father or mother, but a role model, a best friend, and a piece of them as well. WhileShow MoreRelatedIs the Death Penalty Justified?1824 Words   |  8 PagesIs the Death Penalty Justified? Jessica Valentine PHI 103 Informal Logic Professor Stephen Carter March 20, 2012 Is the Death Penalty Justified? The death penalty will always be a topic some people refuse to talk about. When in fact, it is a very serious topic and people should know how and why the death penalty is not justified. I believe the death penalty is not justified in the least bit because there are people sitting up in prison just living life because the state does not want toRead MoreIs Death Penalty Justified?995 Words   |  4 Pages995 Is Death Penalty Justified? Death penalty is the capital punishment given to the person where a person is put to death who has done crime or involved in a crime. It is for those people who is doing the crime intentionally. It is given by the government to the traitors, murderer and so on. The sentence is vindicated by the type of offense committed. There are certain conditions where a death penalty can be correct and should be consider Justified by the government. The death penalty guaranteesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1534 Words   |  7 Pagesit is ethical to kill a convicted criminal. People who oppose the death penalty often argue mistaken identity and wrongful conviction. They argue that long-term imprisonment is the better course of action, because it allows for the possibility that if a mistake was made in the conviction of a suspect, they would be able to correct it without ending the life of an innocent person. They also state that the threat of the death penalty is not a deterrent and people will commit crimes regardless, as oftenRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1346 Words   |  6 Pagespast and recent years, the death penalty has remained a huge debate between individuals that agree or disagree whether the death penalty is justifiable punishment or not. Is capital punishment truly a justified and powerful approach to the violations of specific prisoners? Many individuals believe that having the death penalty is cruel and inhumane. Others believe that people who commit such heinous crimes should be punished with the death penalty. Instilling the death penalty is the same as saying â€Å"eyeRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1828 Words   |  8 PagesThe Death Penalty Daniel Heydari Professor Sheldon Philosophy 262-0 12 October 2015 1.) The author of this letter, submitted to the New York Times, claims that the death penalty is wholly and morally justified, seeing as its existence results in the lessening of violent deaths and gun use due to the perpetrator’s fear of killing a person in haste and thus being given the death penalty. 2.) The author argues his claim of the death penalty being justified as a means of punishment for violent crimesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified923 Words   |  4 Pagespilots who also had to bomb innocents to win the war,† (Gorman). More recently, a common trend has been the disapproval of the death penalty, exhibited by the thirteen percent drop in the number of people on death row since Spring of 2005 (Death Penalty Info. Center). Life without parole has become the preferred sentence of unavoidable capital punishment. The death penalty has frequently been viewed as inhumane. However, isn’t lack of remorse for such vile acts inhumane? In cases of intentional murderRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death penalty has been a controversial topic for many years and recently the debate about it has been getting bigger and bigger to where at some point soon a decision will have to be made. Many people will disagree with the death penalty because it goes against their moral beliefs, this is thought process is seen more in the northern states. However, here in the south the death penalty is strongly believed in by most, but who is put to death and why? Did they deserve this sentence or were theyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1603 Words   |  7 PagesTHE DEATH PENALTY Many nations have criminals to punish, but what’s changing is how they punish their criminals. Most countries, even some states, have come to the realization that the death penalty is an unfair, inhumane, unconstitutional, and irreversible punishment that’s much too severe and is an unfit punishment for a fair and just society. Internationally, the U.S. ranks fifth in terms of the number of prisoners put to death, putting America in such ill-esteemed company as the regimesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified858 Words   |  4 PagesSince the foundation of our nation the Death Penalty has been a way to punish prisoners that have committed heinous crimes, however since the turn of the 20th century the practice of Capital Punishment has been questioned on its usage in America and the world as a whole. The Death Penalty is used in America to punish criminals who have committed murders, or taken the life of an innocent person, and while the death penalty seems like it is doing justice to those who have killed others it is actually

Summary and Critique of George F. Will’s View on Inaugural Addresses Free Essays

Wade Vierheller Professor Combs English 300 27 September 2012 ‘Let Us’†¦? No, Give it a Rest Summary and Critique George F. Will is a Pulitzer-Prize writer and an editor for Newsweek. He is well-known for his strong conservative political commentary. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary and Critique of George F. Will’s View on Inaugural Addresses or any similar topic only for you Order Now He discusses the history of Inaugural Addresses and how they reflect the way the country has changed throughout the years. He points out a number of differences such as sentence structure, tone, and topics. For example, he cites the numbering of words. He mentions George Washington’s second sentence of his address, which was 87 words. On the one hand, I was summoned by my country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection, and, in my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining years–a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me by the addition of habit to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. Back then, the culture was much different, as most people learned to read were through difficult literature such as Pilgrim’s Progress and the King James Bible. Herbert Stein, â€Å"who for 60 years was an economist and connoisseur of American’s political culture,† discovered that the average number of words per sentence for Inaugural Addresses has steadily decreased: â€Å"from Washington through Buchanan the average number of words per sentence was 44; from Lincoln through Wilson, 34; since Wilson, 25. † Will believes that â€Å"the general shortening of sentences reflects, in part, a change in nature of Inaugural Addresses. He refers to Teddy Roosevelt who called the presidency â€Å"a bully pulpit. † Later addresses have had an incentive to tell Americans how to behave with phrases such as â€Å"The only thing we have to fear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"Ask not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A more popular phrase which was used by Kennedy and Nixon was â€Å"Let us†¦,† which according to Will means, â€Å"For Pete’s sake, pull up your socks and shape up. † The content of the Inaugural Addresses has also changed. George Washington had to be much more modest, speaking about his personal problems and as much as he would like to rest, his country was calling him. In the beginning with Washington, the issue was that he would be able to turn the presidency into another monarchy. Around the time of Cleveland and Garfield, a major issue was polygamy. During the time of Monroe, the issue was coastal fortifications. As of today, these are no longer on the list of major issues. This progression shows how the country has grown over the many years. Though Will is happy that we do not have to talk about the issues of the past anymore, he does not like the shortening of sentences and how Presidents have become more like preachers. He shows appreciation of Washington’s modesty despite the amount of praise he was showered with, but understands how there were different problems during that time. Most of what Will says is backed up with some strong points, using factual information from past people such as Cleveland, Garfield, and Teddy Roosevelt. This greatly backs up his claims, making them hard to argue against. He makes strong arguments that clearly show how there has been quite a change throughout the history of the Inaugural Addresses. A significant point he brings up is the decrease in the word count per sentence over the years. It’s true there has been a major change in literature over the years. Personally, I had some trouble keeping up with the incredibly long sentence made by George Washington. It’s interesting how he partly blames it for the â€Å"change in the nature of Inaugural Addresses. † I’m not sure if I see much connection between the two. Also, though shorter sentences shows our reading mental muscles are weaker than our ancestors’, but this does not seem to have any major negative effect on society, unless Will’s statement about the changing in Inaugural Addresses in coordination with shortening of sentences is true. This leads us to another point about the context of Inaugural Addresses. Looking at the parts of Washington’s address or Lincoln’s address (â€Å"Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this might scourge of war may speedily pass away†¦ With malice toward none, with charity for all†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), they show hope and love in their speeches. When looking at later ones, they’ve become much more preach-y. For Will, this does not seem to be a good adjustment, and I have to agree with him here. At least in the beginning, it’s never been the President’s job to tell us how to behave. It is true that he is our leader, but his part in leading the country is taking care of political matters such as federal law and diplomatic troubles. Another very interesting matter he brings up is the drastic change in subject matter from speech to speech. With Washington, it was the fear of monarchy. For Monroe, it was coastal fortifications. For Lincoln, it was slavery. For Garfield and Cleveland, it was polygamy. Throughout the years, the severity of the nation’s problems has declined. It’s really something to be proud about. It shows that despite the other reasons Will has pointed out, this country has grown for the better. We’ll always have problems and we’ll keep working to solve them. This gives us drive and displays our strength and motivation. In his article, Will has done a good job of backing up his opinions with strong factual information. While I do not completely agree with him, I’m able to understand and respect his views. Really the only problem I have with the paper is the assumption on how the shortening of sentences â€Å"reflects†¦ a change in the nature of Inaugural Addresses,† because I can’t understand how that exactly works. Works Cited Will, George F. â€Å"‘Let Us’†¦? No, Give it a Rest. † Newsweek 22 Jan. 2001: 64. Print. . How to cite Summary and Critique of George F. Will’s View on Inaugural Addresses, Papers

Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change

Table of Contents Background Social change in entrepreneurship The positive externalities theory Explanation of the positive externalities theory Criticisms of the positive externalities theory Conclusion References Background In the current world, increasing pressure from problems that arise due to daily changes in the business sector is driving businesses towards finding alternatives to abate the problem. In fact, businesses are drifting further away from the old forms of thinking and incorporating sustainability programmes to create new market (Elkington, Schwab, Hartigan, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The changes witnessed in the current business world and the crazy search for new markets is driving entrepreneurship to have a new shift in leadership and management. Social entrepreneurship is like a hybrid that combines bo th commercial entrepreneurship and social aspects in an organization. Social change in entrepreneurship Failing governments and the lack of economic enterpreurship has driven the need for social entrepreneurship to rise (Wei-Skillern, Austin, Leonard, 2007). Social enterpreurship is a form of enterpreurship that incorporates facets of both economic and social aspects in a business idea (Martin Osberg, 2007). It is a venture that brings into account the activities that impact positively in a society bringing about social change. This shift in business paradigm occurred due to the existing suffocation of markets and the need for new markets. The urgency of these new markets has been brought about by the increasing competition faced by businesses. Although social entrepreneurship starts as a small venture or limited effort, it marks troubles with the local output but makes global significance. This includes provision of water, promoting micro-businesses, waste managing and the preser vation of the environment. For example, the escalating growth of micro-industries in the world is due to social entrepreneurship (Zahra et al., 2008). The development of such ventures and their success has turned them to the spotlight and they have received scholarly attention. This scholarly attention has led to the need to formulate theories that explain this phenomenon (Kuhn, 1962). The idea of social enterpreurship offers a platform for alleviating world poverty through promoting social good (Yunus, 2007) The positive externalities theory It is important that any theory that tries to define the concept of social entrepreneurship should address the issues of value creation and value appropriation (Mizik Jacob, 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theory of positive externalities best explains the shift towards social enterpreurship. It is apparent that economic entrepr eneurship cannot exist in a vacuum. This theory suggests that economic enterpreurship is not valid in areas where there are strong positive externalities. Basically, the assertion is that the potentiality for value creation is not marched by the potential for value appropriation because the ensuing benefits to the society go much above the benefits accrued to the transacting parties. It is also observed that consumers are likely to reward businesses with positive externalities by consuming more of their goods. Further, it is perceived that government initiatives and economic entrepreneurship benefits those people with powerful access to resources neglecting the powerless societies. In this theory, powerless society benefits from social entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurs benefit from the powerless society by establishing markets that ensure sustainability. Although this venture brings forth an implication in the theory, it is not contrary to the definition of the terminology (Cam pbell Temple University, 2008). Explanation of the positive externalities theory The theory points that the externality notion cannot be clearly depicted by market operation or market price structure which leads to incompetent distribution of wealth, social remuneration, personal expenditure and communal expenses (Ying Guoli, 1997). Characteristics of positive externality hypothesis include transferring via other way and not through the price system, non-exclusive and inseparable part as a characteristic of end user, bringing other utilities expenses to decrease and the alleviation of costs to the beneficiary. The positive externality theory assumes that the allocation of social entrepreneurship is largely for the benefit of the society and not targeted towards the profit analysis. Therefore, the social enterpreurship system distributes benefits and costs based not on the market system of analyzing where profits can be maximized, but by targeting the neglected areas of the society .Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social entrepreneurship also targets areas where economic entrepreneurship has failed to venture, a characteristic that is not exclusive of any player in the society. It aims at creating societal value and not economic value. Social enterpreurship alleviates the standards of the economic as well as social conditions of a neglected or powerless society. In this quest, it aims at reducing the costs of certain provisions that would have been so costly if provided by the economic entrepreneurs. The positive externality theory aims to balance between value creation and value addition in cases where it ventures (Ellwanger, 1997). Criticisms of the positive externalities theory Social enterpreurship is an innovative change that is gripping the business world daily. It is apparent that what the social entrepreneu rs strive to achieve is becoming more complex and the desire to augment the costs incurred in creating social value is rising day by day. The costs also involved in the set up of the social entrepreneurship activities are proving hard to meet by the entrepreneurs thereby distorting the credibility of the theory. Furthermore, as inflation rises, due expenditures in these endeavors are becoming increasingly complex and are therefore neglected to be attended to by the government (Wei-Skillern, Austin, Leonard, 2007). This leaves a lot of unfilled gaps in the tenacity of the theory. Conclusion The idea of social entrepreneurship taking shape and being embraced by the business world requires a thorough consideration and thought before being implemented. It takes a different mindset from the one embraced by economic entrepreneurs in their profit maximization. Social entrepreneurship on the other hand aims at creating social value. In the wake of inflation and increased costs, social entr epreneurs need to have a re-consideration of the theories they use.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Campbell, K. A. Temple University. (2008). Towards a general theory of entrepreneurship. London, UK: ProQuest. Elkington, J., Schwab, K. Hartigan, P. (2008). Power of Unreasonable People: How Social Entrepreneurs Create Markets that Change the World. New York, NY: Harvard Business Review Press. Ellwanger, G. (1997). The externality effects of transport, rail international. New York, NY: MacMillan Publishers. Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago, IL: Chicago University press. Martin, R. L. Osberg, S. (2007). Social entrepreneurship: The case for definition. Stanford Social Innovation Review, pp.28-39. Mizik, N. Jacobson, R. (2003). Trading off between Value Creation and Value Appropriation: The Financial Implications of Shifts in Strategic Emphasis. Journal of Marketing, 67, pp. 63-67. Wei-Skillern, J., Austin, J. E., Leonard, H. (2007). Entrepreneurship in the Social Sector. London, UK: Sage Publications. Ying, Y. Guoli, O. (1997). St udy on the development strategy of urban rail transit based on externality. New York, NY: MacMillan Publishers. Yunus, M. (2007). Creating a world without poverty: Social business and the future of capitalism. New York: Public Affairs. Zahra, S. A. Rawhouser, H. N., Bhawe, N., Neubaum, D. O. Hayton, J. C. (2008). Globalization of social entrepreneurship Opportunities. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2 (2), pp.117-131. This essay on Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change was written and submitted by user Derrick Price to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.